Which symptom is a hallmark of acute dystonia?

Severe muscle cramps are a hallmark symptom of acute dystonia, which is a type of movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, twisting movements, and abnormal postures. These muscle cramps result from an abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia and can lead to significant discomfort for the individual. Acute dystonia often occurs as a side effect of certain antipsychotic medications, particularly when they are initiated or when doses are increased.

Unlike other symptoms such as involuntary movements, which may occur in various movement disorders but are not specific to acute dystonia, or constant restlessness, which is more indicative of akathisia, severe muscle cramps directly reflect the muscle tension and rigidity seen in acute dystonia. Rapid tremors, while related to other movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or anxiety, are not characteristic of acute dystonia. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and management of medication-induced movement disorders.