Which of the following is a common symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

The choice of depressed mood or loss of interest in activities is a hallmark feature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). According to diagnostic criteria, an individual must experience a depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks, which can manifest as feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness. Additionally, a marked loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, often referred to as anhedonia, is essential for diagnosing MDD. This symptom significantly impacts the individual's ability to function in daily life and is central to the disorder's classification.

The other symptoms listed do not align with MDD. Increased energy levels, excessive spending, and heightened self-esteem are more indicative of a manic phase in bipolar disorder rather than major depressive episodes. Therefore, recognizing depressed mood or loss of interest in activities is crucial for the accurate assessment and diagnosis of MDD.