Which of the following is true regarding the side effects of second-generation antipsychotics compared to first-generation?

Second-generation antipsychotics are indeed known for having a different side effect profile compared to first-generation antipsychotics. One of the key distinctions is the lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and prolactin-related effects. Extrapyramidal symptoms are movement disorders that can occur with antipsychotic medications, particularly those that primarily block dopamine D2 receptors, which is a characteristic of many first-generation antipsychotics.

Second-generation antipsychotics, while they still can cause some movement disorders, are generally at a lower risk for these adverse effects due to their broader mechanism of action. They often antagonize multiple neurotransmitter receptors, including serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in addition to dopamine D2 receptors, which helps reduce the likelihood of EPS. Additionally, these medications often have less impact on prolactin levels, resulting in fewer related side effects such as galactorrhea or menstrual irregularities.

Overall, the distinction that second-generation antipsychotics tend to cause fewer extrapyramidal symptoms and have a reduced effect on prolactin levels plays a significant role in their clinical use, making them a preferred choice for many patients, especially those who might be particularly sensitive to these side effects.