Which drug is classified as both an inducer and an inhibitor in different contexts?

Alcohol can act as both an inducer and an inhibitor of various enzymes, particularly those in the cytochrome P450 system, depending on the context of its consumption and the presence of other substances. Chronic alcohol use typically leads to enzyme induction, resulting in increased metabolism of certain drugs, which may necessitate higher dosages of these medications for efficacy. Conversely, acute alcohol consumption can inhibit the same enzymes, leading to decreased metabolism of certain drugs and potentially increasing their effects and toxicity.

Understanding this dual role of alcohol in pharmacokinetics is crucial for managing drug interactions, especially in patients who may be consuming alcohol alongside other medications. This dynamic nature of alcohol's interaction with metabolic enzymes underscores the importance of careful consideration in pharmacological management, especially in individuals with alcohol use disorders or those who consume alcohol regularly.