Which condition results from the ingestion of a substance and causes changes in level of consciousness, cognition, and behavior?

Intoxication refers to the physiological and psychological effects that occur after the ingestion of a substance, leading to altered states of consciousness, changes in cognition, and modifications in behavior. This condition is characterized by various symptoms depending on the substance consumed, which may include impairment in judgment, motor skills, and emotional responses.

In the context of substances such as alcohol, narcotics, or stimulants, intoxication can manifest in a spectrum of effects, from mild impairment to severe disorientation. This phenomenon occurs as the substance interacts with neurotransmitter systems, disrupting normal brain function and causing alterations in perception and mood. The acute effects of intoxication can significantly affect an individual's behavior and decision-making capabilities, which highlights the importance of identification and intervention in clinical settings.

Other options, while related to issues of substance use, describe different aspects of substance-related disorders. Withdrawal pertains to the symptoms that occur when an individual reduces or stops consuming a substance after prolonged use. Dependence refers to a state wherein an individual's body adapts to the presence of a substance, leading to a need for continued use to function normally. Somnolence describes a state of drowsiness or fatigue but does not encompass the broader changes in consciousness and behavior associated with substance use.