What is the primary mechanism of action for Disulfiram in alcohol use disorder treatment?

Disulfiram primarily works by blocking the oxidation of alcohol. When a person consumes alcohol while on Disulfiram, a buildup of acetaldehyde occurs due to the inhibition of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. This accumulation causes unpleasant reactions, such as flushing, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations, which serve as a deterrent against alcohol consumption. This mechanism is designed to promote behavior modification by creating an aversive response to alcohol intake, thus helping individuals with alcohol use disorder to maintain abstinence.

The other options involve mechanisms that are not directly related to Disulfiram. For instance, while reducing cravings or modulating glutamate transmission may be relevant in the context of other medications for alcohol use disorder, they do not describe the specific action of Disulfiram. Additionally, enhancing GABA-A activity pertains to different pharmacological agents that may be used for anxiety or alcohol withdrawal but does not apply to Disulfiram's mechanism.