What is a major dietary restriction for patients taking MAOIs?

Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) need to avoid certain foods that can lead to hypertensive crises or adverse effects due to interactions with the medication. A major dietary restriction is fermented and aged products, particularly those containing tyramine. Red wine falls into this category, as it is often fermented and can contain high levels of tyramine. When combined with MAOIs, tyramine can lead to dangerously elevated blood pressure, making it essential for patients to avoid red wine to ensure their safety while undergoing treatment with these medications.

In contrast, milk products, fruits, and caffeine are generally considered safe for patients on MAOIs, though moderation and specific individual tolerances should always be considered.