What is a contraindication for valproic acid during pregnancy?

Valproic acid is known to cause birth defects, which is a significant contraindication for its use during pregnancy. Studies have shown that valproic acid exposure in utero is associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations, including neural tube defects, cardiovascular anomalies, and orofacial clefts. Additionally, it has been linked to developmental disorders and cognitive deficits in children exposed to the medication during pregnancy. Given these serious risks, valproic acid is generally not recommended for women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant unless the benefits far outweigh the potential risks, and alternative treatments are not appropriate.

This understanding emphasizes the importance of careful consideration and counseling for women of childbearing age who may require treatment for conditions such as epilepsy or mood disorders. The other options discussed do not accurately reflect the well-established risks associated with valproic acid during pregnancy.