What is a characteristic feature used to classify second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)?

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are primarily distinguished by their pharmacological properties, particularly their binding capacity to various neurotransmitter receptors. Unlike first-generation antipsychotics, which primarily block dopamine D2 receptors, SGAs have a more complex mechanism of action. They typically exhibit a balance between serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonism, which is believed to contribute to their efficacy in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and other mood disorders.

This nuanced receptor activity is a characteristic feature of SGAs that allows for potentially fewer side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms, compared to their first-generation counterparts. Factors like cost-effectiveness and patient age group are relevant in clinical considerations but do not define the class of SGAs. Indications for use, while important in terms of treatment, are also not a defining characteristic for classifying these medications. Instead, the pharmacological properties related to receptor binding represent a fundamental aspect that underlines the differentiation of SGAs in psychopharmacology.