What condition may arise from the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)?

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are often associated with metabolic side effects, one of the most significant being hyperglycemia, which can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. This is due to several metabolic disturbances these medications can cause, including insulin resistance, weight gain, and alterations in lipid metabolism. SGAs, such as olanzapine and clozapine, have a higher propensity to induce these side effects compared to first-generation antipsychotics.

The increase in body weight and fat distribution can contribute to insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. Consequently, patients using SGAs need to be closely monitored for weight changes and glycemic control, especially those with pre-existing risk factors for diabetes.

The other conditions listed—hypoglycemia, hypertension, and hypothyroidism—are not commonly associated with the use of SGAs. Hypoglycemia is more typically related to insulin or certain oral hypoglycemic agents rather than antipsychotics. Hypertension can occur in various contexts but is not a direct metabolic side effect of SGAs. Hypothyroidism is also unrelated to antipsychotic use and typically not a risk factor associated with these medications. Thus, the recognition of hyperglycemia and