What characterizes addiction in terms of behavioral changes?

Addiction is characterized by a preoccupation with substances and the engagement in repeated use despite experiencing negative consequences. This behavior often reflects a loss of control over the use of substances, where individuals prioritize their substance use to the detriment of other aspects of their life, such as personal relationships, work responsibilities, and health.

This preoccupation leads individuals to continue using substances even when they are fully aware of the harmful consequences, including physical, psychological, and social repercussions. This persistent use can also manifest as a compulsive behavior that dominates one’s thoughts and actions, indicating a significant change in behavior associated with addiction.

While the other options present briefly related concepts, they do not encompass the full extent of addiction's impact on behavior. Temporary cravings may occur during withdrawal but do not necessarily indicate a chronic pattern of addiction. Social withdrawal can be a consequence of addiction but is not a defining characteristic. Occasional substance use does not reflect the compulsive and habitual nature of addiction itself, as it suggests a level of control that is typically absent in those suffering from this condition.