What are the two primary forms of the MAO enzyme?

The primary forms of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme are MAO-A and MAO-B. This distinction is important in psychopharmacology since they metabolize different neurotransmitters and have various implications in psychiatry and the treatment of mental health disorders.

MAO-A primarily breaks down serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This makes it pertinent in conditions such as depression and anxiety, where these neurotransmitters are often implicated.

MAO-B, on the other hand, is more selective for the metabolism of phenethylamine and certain trace amines, as well as dopamine at higher concentrations. It plays a significant role in the management of Parkinson's disease, as it can influence dopamine levels in the brain.

Understanding the roles of these two enzymes is crucial for the development of medications that inhibit their action, referred to as MAO inhibitors, which are used in the treatment of various psychiatric and neurological disorders.