What are common adverse effects associated with the acute use of opioids?

The choice highlighting itching and constipation appropriately reflects common adverse effects associated with the acute use of opioids. Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system, which can lead to a range of side effects due to their action on various bodily systems.

Itching, or pruritus, can occur due to the release of histamines triggered by opioid administration. This is a common response and can happen even with initial doses. Constipation is another prevalent side effect of opioids because they decrease gastrointestinal motility. Opioids slow down the transit of food through the intestines, leading to increased absorption of water and resulting in harder stools and difficulty in bowel movements.

Understanding these effects is essential for clinicians prescribing opioids, as they need to manage these side effects to enhance patient comfort and compliance with treatment. Additionally, recognizing these potential issues allows healthcare providers to educate patients about what to expect when taking opioids and to consider preventative measures, such as recommending laxatives or other strategies to combat constipation.