If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD, what risk may increase for those treated with antidepressants?

When bipolar depression is misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), treating it with antidepressants poses significant risks. One of the principal dangers is that antidepressants can potentially trigger a manic or hypomanic episode in individuals with bipolar disorder. This shift in mood can significantly destabilize an individual’s emotional state, leading to increased impulsivity, agitation, or even psychotic symptoms.

In cases where the patient's bipolar disorder is not accurately identified, initiating treatment with antidepressants can lead to a worsening of the overall condition. This mismanagement can be associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation or attempts, particularly as individuals cycle through depressive and manic states. The risk of suicide is notably higher in bipolar disorder compared to unipolar depression, making it critical to ensure a correct diagnosis prior to initiating treatment.

The other available options do not align with the elevated risks associated with treating undiagnosed bipolar depression with antidepressants. For instance, while anxiety may present in some individuals, it is not a direct consequence of antidepressant treatment in this context. Additionally, enhanced mood stabilization and improved energy levels are more likely outcomes from appropriate treatment of bipolar disorder, typically requiring mood stabilizers rather than solely antidepressants.