Anticholinergic effects can result from an imbalance of dopamine and which other neurotransmitter?

The concept of anticholinergic effects is closely linked to the interaction between dopamine and acetylcholine. In the central nervous system, these neurotransmitters typically work in a delicate balance. Dopamine has an inhibitory effect on some cholinergic pathways, while acetylcholine (ACh) primarily has excitatory functions in these pathways. When there is an imbalance—specifically, when dopamine levels are reduced—this can lead to an overactivity of acetylcholine, resulting in anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention.

In conditions such as Parkinson's disease or as a side effect of certain antipsychotic medications (which can block dopamine receptors), this imbalance can manifest significantly. Therefore, by recognizing that anticholinergic effects arise from a disruption in the balance of these two neurotransmitters, it becomes clear why acetylcholine is the correct answer.